History
A large late medieval L-shaped house of stone extensively refurbished in c1600. This building is traditionally an outstation of Llantony Secunda Priory at Gloucester and the surviving structure, though much altered and as a result rather confusing, offers much evidence to suggest that this tradition is based on fact. The surviving main building appears wholly medieval in basic structure and to be neither extended nor reduced from its original size, although quite a bit changed in appearance. There is a small C19 rear wing on the north side, forming a lean-to addition to the original rear wing.
The main range is primary, with quoins on all four corners, and seems in origin to be a tower house with a first floor hall over a basement and perhaps with two storeys above that. This would date from the C15 perhaps 1450-75 and could have a domestic or religious origin. It does not appear to have been fortified, nor does it have walls any thicker than necessary to carry their height. This range is no longer to its full height and now has two storeys and attic over a basement, a further storey partially survives in the roof space (see Interior). This range was extensively refurbished in the late C16 or c1600 in an upgraded domestic role. It may have become the Rectory, as the name Church Farm might suggest, when monastic use ended in the 1530s. It has been suggested that this range was largely rebuilt above the first floor as there is a lack of quoins to the front wall and clear evidence that it was re-floored and re-windowed in about 1600.
If the front range is indeed a mid-to-late C15 tower house, then the rear range is an addition made fairly soon afterwards, say 1480-1500, especially as it appears to have been designed as a block of monastic cells, with three floors, each of four cells, each with its own small window (see Interior) so for twelve monks in all, with the Prior perhaps living in the main range. This rear range remains almost unaltered apart from the basement, and is a considerable rarity, especially still in domestic use.
If the building was indeed a religious house (the standard work on monasticism in South Wales has no mention of a house in Caldicot), as it appears, it would have been dissolved in 1536 as a minor house, or in 1539 if held to be a part of Llantony Priory in Gloucester. Reverting to the Crown it will have been sold for domestic use and was clearly converted to a more comfortable house with the addition of more fireplaces, larger windows etc. in c1600. Alternatively it may have become the Rectory of Caldicot. In the early C19 the main road (Church Road) between Caldicot and Caerwent ran directly in front of the building, between the house and the farmyard. The rear wing was added to fill the L between the ranges in the C19. The main tower was re-roofed in 1940 or 1947 and the render was removed from the walls in 1973. Apart from modernization and re-windowing within existing openings the house remains much the same today.